There are three types of attention. 

Sustained attention 

helps you focus on a single task for a long period of time. 

Selective attention allows you to focus your attention on a single task even when there are distractions around you. It helps you decide where you will place your attention among many different choices and enables you to stay on that task. 

Divided attention is the ability to handle more than one task at a time.

The ability of an individual to think in a disciplined manner or base his thoughts on facts and evidence is known as his logical thinking skills. Very simply, logical thinking skills mean incorporating logic into one’s thinking process whenever analyzing a problem in order to come up with a solution.

Logical thinking skills require and involve a progressive analysis, for example, by weighing all available options, using

facts and figures, and making important decisions based on the pros and cons. 

This cognitive skill helps you quickly and accurately perform tasks. When you have high processing speed, your brain can to more quickly interpret information and apply it to a certain task. Strengthening this skill can improve your productivity by helping you efficiently and effectively complete tasks.

Also known as short-term memory, working memory helps you retain information while you are using it. For example, if you are working on a project and do not have to look at the instructions again to remind yourself of the next step in the task, then you have a strong working memory. Short-term memory skills can also help retain points you discussed in a recent conversation.

Visual processing helps you effectively interpret images. Strong visual processing skills allow you to analyze shapes, designs, patterns as well as make sense of visual representations of data, such as graphs and tables. 

Long-term memory allows you to recall information from the past. This skill may help you remember the main points of last week’s lessons, and it may also help you remember a classmate's name that you learned three years ago. Long-term memory also helps you to remember prior training and apply it to current tasks.

Your brain uses auditory processing to make sense of information that comes in through your ears by blending, analyzing and segmenting sounds for immediate or future use.